PC/CP320 Physical Computing: Digital Interaction with the Analog World

Evaluation Methods

• Active Learning activities
  help you apply what you've learned as you learn.
  The 9 BEST Scientific Study Tips
  
  
  
• Lab Demonstrations   [ May 12, 2017 ]
  show that you can perform certain tasks.
  
  
• Lab Notebook   [ May 12, 2017 ]
  Lab Notebook summaries   [ May 12, 2017 ]
  show that you can identify important information.
  Summary checklist   [ January 18, 2017 ]
  Scope trace checklist [ January 18, 2017 ]
  
  
• Lecture quizzes   [ May 12, 2017 ]
  show that you can apply basic concepts.
  
  
• Online quizzes   [ May 12, 2017 ]
  show that you are familiar with terminology and basic concepts.
  
  
• Integration Project
  shows that you can combine concepts into a big picture.
  • Integration Project Overview   [ May 12, 2017 ]
  • Integration Project checklist
  
  
  
• Exploration (Proof-of-concept) Project
  shows that you can learn independently.
  • Exploration Project Overview   [ May 24, 2018 ]
  • Exploration Project checklist
  
  
  
• Enclosure Project
  allows you to develop skill at design and prototyping
  
  • Enclosure project Overview [PDF]   [ October 24, 2019 ]
    
  • Enclosure Project checklist [PDF]   [ October 23, 2019 ]
    

Course Material

Week of ...	Lab / Lecture	Reference Material [white background indicates required reading; gray background indicates optional reading]
Sept. 8	Lecture: Introduction, resistors and resistance Course Introduction: What's the purpose of PC/CP320? [PDF]   [ September 5, 2018 ] Course syllabus Fall 2022 About the course     [ September 8, 2022 ] Active Learning Introduction Proven teaching strategies Overview of Physical Computing   [ September 8, 2017 ] Learning on your own using Google and YouTube, etc. Block Diagrams   [ February 13, 2019 ] Block Diagram Elements [HTML]   [ November 9, 2017 ] Block Template Signals for block diagrams library for Dia Use this if you are installing Dia on your own computer. draw.io online drawing app Sample signals Electrical terminology   [ September 8, 2016 ] Resistors and resistance   [ September 7, 2017 ] Variable Resistors (Trimmers)   [ January 4, 2018 ] Identifying resistor nominal values (AL exercise) doc version png version Timer (6 minutes) Digital multimeters   [ November 7, 2018 ] Using lab notebooks New Information: Lab Notebook summaries   [ May 12, 2017 ] Summary checklist   [ January 18, 2017 ] "summarization is among the top nine most effective teaching strategies in the history of education" Online Quiz: Read over the learning objectives for this course. Do quiz on MyLearningSpace between 7 a.m. Friday and 11:30 p.m. Sunday evening. "Our central result is that higher exposure to the online instrument robustly leads to higher student learning, all else being equal."	Using Breadboards [HTML]   [ May 12, 2017 ] Breadboards [screencast of PDF] Current measurement
	Safety - Emergency Numbers   [ April 29, 2015 ] Lab A: Resistors and Ohmmeters   [ April 18, 2019 ] Postlab Requirements: Writing a lab summary   [ May 12, 2017 ] Summary checklist   [ January 18, 2017 ] After this week's lab, you know how to use a digital multimeter to measure resistance and how to read resistor colour codes. Before next lecture: Watch this video! Water analogy [screencast]	Resistance [© 1995-2003 M. W. Davidson, Florida State University] Fixed Resistors   [ January 8, 2018 ] Measuring Resistance   [ May 12, 2017 ] Measuring Continuity   [ May 12, 2017 ]
		Resistor colour coding chart [PDF; NIC Components, May 2004] Which Way Does Current Really Flow? Resistor colour codes: 4- band, 5- band [GIF; © 1996-2003 Electronix Express] Resistor colour code: 4, 5, 6 band [JPG; T. May, University of Colorado] [PDF 50pp, © Wavetek Meterman, 2000] Wavetek Meterman 33XR Operator's Manual [PDF 17pp, © Amprobe,] MAKE presents: The Resistor Resistors [from PC200] Resistor colour code: 4, 5, 6 band [JPG; T. May, University of Colorado]
Sept. 12	Lecture: Electrical circuits and single board computers including the Raspberry Pi AL wrap-up from last week- last value Kirchhoff's laws   [ May 16, 2011 ] Kirchhoff's laws example   [ May 31, 2017 ] Voltage dividers   [ May 31, 2017 ] Resistive sensors   [ May 31, 2017 ] force-dependent resistor photoresistor thermistor strain gauge Application of voltage dividers - internal resistance   [ June 13, 2014 ] Determining battery internal resistance (AL exercise) Timer (6 minutes) Single board computer platforms   [ November 23, 2016 ] Arduino, Pi model B+ Pi model A, B, B+ Pi 2, model B+ Pi 3, Pi 2, model B+ Arduino, Pi model B, BeagleBone Raspberry Pi models comparison Linux shell command summary Note: Linux is case-sensitive, and commands should be in lower case. Raspberry Pi GPIO pins Board and Broadcom numbering schemes WEMOS GPIO pin guide Note that numbering uses the Broadcom system. How can you tell? Orientation of GPIO pins Correct cobbler orientation GPIO orientation Access GPIO from Linux user space Tip: To see the Pi internal temperature, type: cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp Divide the result by 1000; e.g. 44250 corresponds to 44.25 Celsius. Review: Breadboards [PDF]   [ May 1, 2012 ] Quiz during next lecture! Lecture: Static sensitive devices and exploration project introduction good lab summary Clear, useful, and just 1 page Launchpad Science Maker Lab Introduction Voltage, current and Ohm's law quiz Applying some basic concepts of voltage, current, and power Rationale for collaborative quizzes "The students first completed a quiz individually. Once the quiz was completed individually, the students completed the same quiz in groups. Eighty percent of the score on the quiz was based on the individual results, and 20% of the score on the quiz was based on the group results. The performance on the quizzes was significantly higher when students completed the quizzes in groups than when they completed the quizzes individually. Results document that completing the quizzes in groups enhances the understanding of the material." Exploration Project Overview   [ May 24, 2018 ] Exploration project introduction Remember Google, YouTube, etc. Example of wrong/misleading "data" Exploration Project checklist Example of exploration project (8x8 Matrix LED) Online Quiz: Review proper electrical terminology. Do quiz on MyLearningSpace between 7 a.m. Friday and 11:30 p.m. Sunday evening.	Electrical Circuits Review [pdf 18pp; B. M. Fleischer] - sections B.1 and B.2.1  Operating point analysis in CircuitLab [video] Internal resistance of a voltage source [screencast of PDF] Voltage Divider [© 2000, C.R. Nave, Georgia State University] Potentiometers [video] Voltage dividers [video]
	Using Bench Power  Lab A: Raspberry Pi GPIO Introduction   [ January 9, 2019 ] Raspberry Pi kit contents Note: If you finish early, start on Lab B. Lab B: Voltage, Current, Ohms's Law   [ August 24, 2022 ] Postlab Requirements: Lab Summary   [ May 12, 2017 ] Summary checklist   [ January 18, 2017 ] After this week's lab, you know how to use a digital multimeter to measure voltage and current and to identify specific Raspberry Pi GPIO pins.	Measuring DC Voltage   [ May 12, 2017 ] Measuring DC Current   [ May 12, 2017 ] Lab bench setup in N2082 [video] Dual DC supplies [video]
		Voltage Circuit Simulator   [java applet; G. Bothune, UOregon] MAKE presents: Ohm's Law
Sept. 19	Lecture: Producing and measuring analog signals Oscilloscopes   [ August 23, 2018 ] Triggering on an oscilloscope Function generators   [ January 20, 2020 ] Sketching AC signals   [ April 19, 2011 ] Logic family characteristics - voltage   [ May 23, 2018 ] Logic gate characteristics - measuring voltage limits   [ November 20, 2014 ] GPIO Electrical specifications Determining GPIO voltage limits (AL exercise) Timer (6 minutes) Logic gate characteristics - current   [ September 4, 2013 ] Logic gate characteristics - measuring current limits   [ September 4, 2013 ] datasheets for SN7400, CD4011UB, 74HC00A Logic gate characteristics - propagation delay   [ November 16, 2016 ] GPIO Electrical specifications Note diode section Quiz during next lecture! Lecture: Voltage considerations for Raspberry Pi GPIO pins and Python programming on the Raspberry Pi quiz 1 group summary 6 people got a lower group mark than individual. Static discharge   [ February 18, 2010 ] GPIO access in Python Official RPi.GPIO Wiki examples GPIO access in Python Raspberry Pi GPIO pins Basic python example Modified python example Broadcom numbering example Another Broadcom numbering example Another board numbering example Good Coding Style   [ August 23, 2018 ] Why magic numbers are evil Unnamed numerical constants Coding without comments Code Style Checklist [PDF]   [ January 18, 2017 ] Simple DC circuits quiz Simple application of Kirchhoff's laws Timer (6 minutes) Online Quiz: Review Kirchhoff's laws and their application. Do quiz on MyLearningSpace between 7 a.m. Friday and 11:30 p.m. Sunday evening.	Logic Gates Measuring Strain with Strain Gages  [© 2016 National Instruments Corporation] Logic Family Selection Guide
	Lab A: Raspberry Pi Python GPIO and Serial Console Introduction   [ November 27, 2019 ] Code Style Checklist [PDF]   [ January 18, 2017 ] Raspberry Pi Serial WiFi supplement   [ June 6, 2018 ] Note: If you finish early, start on Lab B. Lab B: Function Generators and Oscilloscopes   [ January 14, 2019 ] Example: Waveform sketch   [ January 18, 2017 ] Scope trace checklist [ January 18, 2017 ] Postlab Requirements: Rewritten test program [ May 12, 2017 ] for Lab A and Waveform sketch [ May 12, 2017 ] for Lab B Here's a single code/scope trace checklist [ May 16, 2019 ] which covers both. After this week's labs, you know how to measure signals with an oscilloscope and to use the Raspberry Pi as a simple function generator to make square waves of varying frequency and duty cycle.
		Overtones, harmonics, and additive synthesis [video] DC and AC voltage measurements with an oscilloscope Finding the origin on an oscilloscope in XY mode Use of a function generator - Part I Use of a function generator - Part II MAKE presents: The Oscilloscope Close-up pictures of signal generators we have in the lab: White case model (Instek GFG-8217A) Black case model (Wavetek FG3C) Grey case model (Wavetek FG3B) Old model (Wavetek 182A) XYZ's of Signal Sources [pdf 52pp; © 2005, Tektronix, Inc.] Philips oscilloscope (PM3207) XYZ's of Oscilloscopes [pdf 64pp; © 2001, Tektronix, Inc.] The Cathode Ray Oscilloscope [pdf 6pp, T. Sturtevant] TDS1000 and TDS2000 Series Digital Storage Oscilloscopes [© Copyright Tektronix, Inc.] TDS210 Series Digital Storage Oscilloscopes [© Copyright Tektronix, Inc.] ABCs of Probes [pdf 48pp; © 2005, Tektronix, Inc.] Oscilloscope animation (Flash)
Sept. 26	Lecture: Diodes and capacitors quiz 2 group summary 1 person got a lower group mark than individual. Reading data sheets   [ May 12, 2017 ] Reading data sheets   [ October 7, 2013 ] sample datasheet (Fairchild) sample datasheet (National Semiconductor) sample datasheet (International Rectifier) sample datasheet (Photonic Detectors) Diodes [PDF]   [ September 9, 2015 ] Diode Measurement  [ May 1, 2014 ] Zener Diodes and Photodiodes [PDF]   [ September 26, 2017 ] Selecting Zener/photodiode resistors (AL exercise) 1N5913B Zener diode, ON Semiconductor; determine resistor for 12V supply Note recommended vs. maximum current. SFH 229 Photodiode, Osram Semiconductors; determine resistor for 9V supply and 3.3V swing with light Save these results and you'll save time in the lab! Timer (6 minutes) Optical Isolation [PDF]   [ November 10, 2016 ] Optoisolator Calculations [PDF]   [ October 1, 2018 ] Selecting LED/photodiode resistors for optoisolator(AL exercise) PS2501 datasheet determine resistors for 5v on input and output at least 2.5V with a 3.3V supply determine resistors for 3.3v on input and output at least 4V with a 5V supply Save these results and you'll save time in the lab! Timer (6 minutes) Quiz during next lecture! Lecture: More electrical considerations for GPIO pins and output transducers (actuators) Optoisolator breadboard layout [PDF]   [ November 16, 2017 ] Lab notes (optoisolator) scope output circuit triangle wave output increased output resistor value The Embroidered Computer Capacitors   [ October 9, 2015 ] Identifying Capacitor Polarity  [ August 22, 2019 ] Inductive Output Transducers [PDF]   [ October 18, 2016 ] DC motor with shaft encoder [PDF]   [ November 1, 2018 ] Controlling Output Transducers [PDF]   [ November 10, 2016 ] Oscilloscope quiz Basic functionality of the oscilloscope Timer (6 minutes) H-Bridges and DC Motors [PDF]   [ April 22, 2019 ] Question: What should a block diagram symbol for an H-Bridge look like? Online Quiz: Review oscilloscope operation. Do quiz on MyLearningSpace between 7 a.m. Friday and 11:30 p.m. Sunday evening.	Diode Measurement [screencast of PDF] MAKE presents: The Diode Checking Diodes   [ May 12, 2017 ] Physics of a Diode [©2003 Marvin Casanova ] Measuring Capacitance   [ May 12, 2017 ] How Capacitors Work [© 1998 - 2003 HowStuffWorks, Inc.] Charging and Discharging A Capacitor [© 1995-2003 M. W. Davidson and The Florida State University] Identifying Capacitor Polarity [screencast of PDF] MAKE presents: The Capacitor Tristate Buffers Introduction to Wired-OR Outputs and Open-Collector Circuits   [© 2003 National Instruments Corporation] 7401 datasheet   [© 1995 National Semiconductor] Design Fundamentals for Phototransistor Circuits   [ April 30, 2015 ] [© 2002 Fairchild Semiconductor] Stepper, servo, DC motor control [video] How does a Stepper Motor work ? [video] Induced EMF demo from MIT [video] Induced EMF in a motor [video] Relays and Optocouplers [video] Small solenoid operation [video] What is a solenoid valve? [video] How do servos work? [video] MOSFET tutorial [video] MOSFETs and How to Use Them [video] Transistor as a switch [video] SSRs Technical Information [PDF 8pp; © Copyright Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.] Solid State Relays [PDF 5pp; Vishay, 2001]
	Lab A: Zener Diodes and Photodiodes  [ November 15, 2017 ] Note: If you finish early, start on Lab B. Lab B: Optical Isolators  [ January 30, 2020 ] PS2501 datasheet Note: Don't take this circuit apart after the lab; you'll be using it later. Postlab Requirements: Show your calculations for the required resistors for the Zener diode and for each optoisolator. Diode calculation checklist   [ May 16, 2019 ] After this week's labs, you know how to get inputs from the outside world at any specified voltage into the Raspberry Pi and you know how to provide outputs to the outside world at any specified voltage from the Raspberry Pi .	HC-SR04 datasheet Optoisolator simulation [video] Analog Optical Isolators VACTROLS® [©1998-2004. PerkinElmer, Inc.]
Oct. 2	Lecture: Conversions between analog and digital signals and the I22 interface on the Raspberry Pi Analog and Digital Quantities [PDF]   [ May 25, 2017 ] Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog Conversion [PDF]   [ October 3, 2018 ] A/D converter demonstration [video] Analog and Digital Grounds and Decoupling Capacitors [PDF]   [ May 31, 2017 ] Identify decoupling capacitors in circuits circuit1 circuit2 circuit3 Serial communication (UART) Serial Communication-UART [PDF]   [ November 7, 2018 ] If using serial (i.e. UART) sensors, you need to turn off the serial console and feed both signals through the appropriate optoisolators (to and from the Pi). Here's the rpi-serial-console script. To turn off the serial console: sudo rpi-serial-console disable To turn on the serial console: sudo rpi-serial-console enable UART devices GPS module, RFID reader, Bluetooth module Serial Communication-SPI [PDF]   [ October 3, 2018 ] I2C interface Serial Communication-I2C [PDF]   [ February 13, 2019 ] Devices come with a default address programmed in, but it can usually be changed. I2C devices digital compass (HMC6352), colour sensor (ADJD-S371), light intensity sensor (GY-30), 3-axis magnetometer (HMC5883L), gyro (ITG-3200), 128x32 OLED display Identifying interfaces (AL exercise) Sample interfaces Timer (6 minutes) Single Wire Communication Single Wire Interfaces [PDF]   [ October 23, 2017 ] Quiz during next lecture! Lecture: Using operational amplifiers to modify analog signals Review of previous quiz quiz 3 group summary 6 people got a lower group mark than individual, but all were over 8, and most were because the group did worse on question 4. GP2Y0A21YK infrared distance sensor Can the distance sensor feed directly into the ADC? (See Fig. 5 in datasheet.) Operational Amplifier Basics [PDF]   [ October 4, 2016 ] Rails of an operational amplifier [video] Optoisolators allow changes in voltage for digital signals; op amps allow changes in voltage for analog signals Noting variation in naming conventions (AL exercise) sample 1 sample 2 sample 3 Timer (4 minutes) Operational Amplifier Circuits [PDF]   [ September 4, 2014 ] Analog computers [video] Sketching amplifier output [PDF]   [ September 7, 2013 ] Sketching op amp circuit output (AL exercise) circuit 1 This is what you'll do in a future quiz! Timer (4 minutes) Negative Feedback in Operational Amplifiers [PDF]   [ July 29, 2013 ] Logic gate characteristics: Open collector and open drain outputs   [ October 3, 2018 ] datasheet for SN7401 Logic gate characteristics: - Tri-state outputs   [ June 1, 2017 ] Processor internal architecture "Standard" Processor internal architecture Z80 system architecture (outside mpu) Hyperphysics microprocessor page GPIO Electrical Specifications Determining GPIO current limits (exercise) Find all of the rules governing current limits. Look at GPIO pin equivalent circuit. Zener diode quiz Choosing correct resistors Timer (6 minutes) Exploration Project Overview   [ May 24, 2018 ] Exploration project introduction Remember Google, YouTube, etc. Example of wrong/misleading "data" Exploration Project checklist Example of exploration project (8x8 Matrix LED) Online Quiz: Review optoisolator operation. Do quiz on MyLearningSpace between 7 a.m. Friday and 11:30 p.m. Sunday evening.	ADC and DAC Glossary [HTML; PDF] [Dallas Semiconductor, 2000] A/D converter simulation [video]
	Lab A: Raspberry Pi SPI Digital to Analog converter   [ February 4, 2020 ] Note: If you finish early, start on Lab B. Lab B: Analog Output Transducers (DC Motor)  [ February 5, 2020 ] Postlab Requirements: Rewritten code [ October 4, 2017 ] for Lab A and summary for Lab B. Code/Summary checklist   [ May 16, 2019 ] After this week's labs, you know how to provide analog voltages to the outside world from the Raspberry Pi and you know the voltage and current requirements of a DC motor.
		Sensors and Signal Conditioning Overview  [ May 12, 2017 ] Solenoid Catalog [ © 1999, 2000 Magnetic Sensor Systems ] Animations: permanent magnet DC motor animation brushless DC motor animation
	READING WEEK
Oct. 10	READING WEEK - No lecture or labs
Oct. 17	Lecture: More about interfacing devices to the Raspberry Pi Review of previous quiz quiz 4 group summary No-one got a lower group mark than individual. The lowest group mark was 8/10. Lab summary comments Want to say what you learned, not that you learned something. No magic numbers Project overview Outline of all 3 projects [PDF]   [ October 17, 2022 ] Note: DC motor needs 1 channel of shaft encoder connected to indicate position. DC motor being able to run in both directions and monitor both channels for speed and direction can be a substitution project and the second channel can replace the other input. If a single device contains both inputs and outputs, it can fulfil both requirements for the second input and output of the integration project. Reviewing learning objectives (AL exercise) Timer (4 minutes) Three options for connecting to devices: Use existing Python libraries Use system commands from within Python (if there aren't Python libraries) Bit-bang your own interface in Python Bit banging [PDF]   [ February 13, 2019 ] Bit banging on Wikipedia Raspberry Pi Interface with Parallax Serial RFID Reader Bit-banged serial interface [to RFID reader] Bit-banged SPI Interface to MCP3008 Row-Column Devices [PDF]   [ February 13, 2019 ] Wiki sections on "more than one channel" and "several channels" Also note options for enabling pull-up or pull-down resistors. Matrix LCD Driver (MAX7219) [PDF]   [ February 13, 2019 ] MAX7219 datasheet MAX7219 8x8 LED matrix MAX7219 8 digit 7 segment display Various displays LTP-1415AG Single colour 8x5 display LTP-2558A Tri-colour 8x5 display Alphanumeric 16 segment LED display MAX7219 Fritzing Board Row-Column with Both Outputs and Inputs TM1638 datasheet (LED/Keypad controller) TM1638 key/display board TM1637 datasheet (LED/Keypad controller) TM1637 display board (front) TM1637 display board (back) Some input options capacitive hex keypad TM1638 key/display board Telephone keypad Response-time sensors; shaft encoders and ultrasonic sensors Pulse Width Modulation Communication [PDF]   [ August 14, 2020 ] Note: On the Raspberry Pi 2, there are 4 possible hardware PWM pins: BCM GPIO 18 (using PWM0, so same as GPIO 12) BCM GPIO 12 (using PWM0, so same as GPIO 32) BCM GPIO 13 (using PWM1, so same as GPIO 33) BCM GPIO 19 (using PWM1, so same as GPIO 35, and also is SPI1_MISO, so won't be available if SPI1 in use) SR04 Ultrasonic range finders Interrupts and threading [PDF]   [ October 30, 2017 ] Interrupts on Wikipedia Threading on Wikipedia Interrupts on the Raspberry Pi with Python Real Time Programming   [ November 29, 2017 ] Block Diagrams   [ February 13, 2019 ] Block Diagram Elements [HTML]   [ November 9, 2017 ] Block Template Create one of these for each device you use. Signals for block diagrams library for Dia Use this if you are installing Dia on your own computer. draw.io online drawing app Block_test.drawio Sample signals Quiz during next lecture! Lecture: More about operational amplifiers and other devices to alter signals Results of AL exercise Success versus completion This ignores 45% of the grade (projects and online). It ignores performance. Wheatstone bridge circuits   [ October 18, 2016 ] Wheatstone bridge animation Operational Amplifier Dynamic Response [PDF]   [ October 9, 2015 ] Neat animations of op amp circuits Analog Sensors [PDF]   [ October 19, 2018 ] Infrared distance sensor - GP2Y0A21YK Can the distance sensor feed directly into the ADC? (See Fig. 5 in datasheet.) Photodiode - sfh229 Hall sensor - 3503 Capacitive soil moisture sensor Resistive soil moisture sensor Pulse rate sensor Pulse rate sensor (back) sensor interfacing Use of Differential Amplifier Circuits [PDF]   [ February 8, 2019 ] Operational Amplifier Circuit quiz Functionality of common op amp circuits Timer (6 minutes) Signal Conditioning [PDF]   [ May 30, 2017 ] draw.io online drawing app Sample signals LED Strings [PDF]   [ January 3, 2019 ] WS2812B datasheet Ring LED (front view) Ring LED (back view) Line LED (front view) Line LED (back view) Matrix LED (front view) Matrix LED (back view) APA102 datasheet SK9822 datasheet Second SPI channel (SPI1) Enabling SPI1 on the Raspberry Pi B+/Zero/2/3 Prototyping options for the Raspberry Pi Prototyping options [PDF]   [ October 19, 2018 ] AB Electronics expansion hats Extending ports with 74HC595 and 74HC589A shift registers 74HC595 using SPI 74HC595 with bit-banging 74HC589A using SPI Fritzing design software Fritzing Example [PDF]   [ October 24, 2018 ] Where to get Pi stuff: Canada Robotshop Solarbotics BC Robotics PiShop.ca CanaKit QKits Electronics USA Adafruit Sparkfun Ebay.ca makervault, universal-solder, and more Sensors Seeed studio Grove sensors DF Robot sensors Sensor and actuator inventory   [ November 30, 2017 ] Online Quiz: Review op amp introduction Do quiz on MyLearningSpace between 7 a.m. this Friday and 11:30 p.m. Sunday evening at the end of Reading Week.	Analog computers [video] Op amp tutorial [video] Low pass filter operation [video] Wheatstone Bridges: Introduction [©2003 eFunda; Engineering Fundamentals] Wheatstone Bridge Animation [screencast of animation] Measuring Strain with Strain Gauges [©2005 National Instruments Corporation]
	Lab A: Raspberry Pi SPI Analog to Digital converter   [ October 1, 2019 ] Note: If you finish early, start on Lab B. Lab B: Introduction to Operational Amplifiers  [ August 24, 2022 ] Postlab Requirements: Rewritten code [ October 12, 2017 ] for Lab A and Lab summary [ May 12, 2017 ] for Lab B. Code/Summary checklist   [ May 16, 2019 ] After this week's labs, you know how to get analog voltages from the outside world into the Raspberry Pi and how to use operational amplifiers to change from any voltage range into the range needed for the analog-to-digital converter going into the Raspberry Pi.	Four bus breadboards [video] Op amps compared (including open collector) [video]
Oct. 24	Lecture: Serial interfaces which various devices use to communicate with the Raspberry Pi Review of previous quiz Motor One group of 5 got 3/5 while every individual got 4/5! Serial communication (UART) Serial Communication-UART [PDF]   [ November 7, 2018 ] If using serial (i.e. UART) sensors, you need to turn off the serial console and feed both signals through the appropriate optoisolators (to and from the Pi). Here's the rpi-serial-console script. To turn off the serial console: sudo rpi-serial-console disable To turn on the serial console: sudo rpi-serial-console enable UART devices GPS module, RFID reader, Bluetooth module I2C interface Serial Communication-I2C [PDF]   [ February 13, 2019 ] Devices come with a default address programmed in, but it can usually be changed. I2C devices digital compass (HMC6352), colour sensor (ADJD-S371), light intensity sensor (GY-30), 3-axis magnetometer (HMC5883L), gyro (ITG-3200), 128x32 OLED display Identifying interfaces (AL exercise) Sample interfaces Timer (6 minutes) Single Wire Communication Single Wire Interfaces [PDF]   [ October 23, 2017 ] CP316 Intro Need 30 minutes more! Quiz during next lecture! Lecture: More different devices and how they interface with the Raspberry Pi and project introduction Row-Column Devices [PDF]   [ February 13, 2019 ] Wiki sections on "more than one channel" and "several channels" Also note options for enabling pull-up or pull-down resistors. Matrix LCD Driver (MAX7219) [PDF]   [ February 13, 2019 ] MAX7219 datasheet MAX7219 8x8 LED matrix MAX7219 8 digit 7 segment display Various displays LTP-1415AG Single colour 8x5 display LTP-2558A Tri-colour 8x5 display Alphanumeric 16 segment LED display MAX7219 Fritzing Board Row-Column with Both Outputs and Inputs TM1638 datasheet (LED/Keypad controller) TM1638 key/display board TM1637 datasheet (LED/Keypad controller) TM1637 display board (front) TM1637 display board (back) Some input options capacitive hex keypad TM1638 key/display board Telephone keypad Response-time sensors; shaft encoders and ultrasonic sensors Pulse Width Modulation Communication [PDF]   [ August 14, 2020 ] Note: On the Raspberry Pi 2, there are 4 possible hardware PWM pins: BCM GPIO 18 (using PWM0, so same as GPIO 12) BCM GPIO 12 (using PWM0, so same as GPIO 32) BCM GPIO 13 (using PWM1, so same as GPIO 33) BCM GPIO 19 (using PWM1, so same as GPIO 35, and also is SPI1_MISO, so won't be available if SPI1 in use) SR04 Ultrasonic range finders Diode and capacitor quiz Behaviour of diodes and capacitors in circuits Timer (6 minutes) Project overview Outline of all 3 projects [PDF]   [ October 17, 2022 ] Note: DC motor needs 1 channel of shaft encoder connected to indicate position. DC motor being able to run in both directions and monitor both channels for speed and direction can be a substitution project and the second channel can replace the other input. If the TM1638 board is used for input and output, it can replace the second input for the integration project. Outline of integration project [PDF]   [ February 22, 2019 ] Outline of exploration project [PDF]   [ October 24, 2019 ] Option: test (and document) my Fritzing board Back of populated board Board overview Outline of enclosure project [PDF]   [ October 24, 2019 ] Integration Project checklist One output can be a "monitoring voltage" or an LED of varying brightness. Exploration Project checklist [PDF]   [ October 23, 2019 ] Enclosure Project checklist [PDF]   [ October 23, 2019 ] If you're going to do the enclosure project, you have to start ASAP. Raspberry Pi Interface to 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor Online Quiz: Review op amp circuits. Do quiz on MyLearningSpace between 7 a.m. Friday and 11:30 p.m. Sunday evening.	Permanent magnet DC motor with shaft encoder [video] Normal servo operation - effect of pulse width [video] Continuous rotation servo - effect of pulse width [video] Servo Operation and Calibration LM7805 Voltage regulator LM7805 Voltage regulator datasheet (includes TAB package)
		Circuit Integrity - Bypassing [© 2002 Williamson Labs] Circuit Integrity - Decoupling [© 2001 Williamson Labs] How a smartphone knows up from down
	Lab A: Raspberry Pi Servo Motors  [ February 26, 2019 ] Note: If you finish early, start on Lab B. Lab B: Operational Amplifier Circuits  [ February 28, 2019 ] Postlab Requirements: Rewritten code [ October 12, 2017 ] for Lab A and Lab summary [ May 12, 2017 ] for Lab B. Code/Summary checklist   [ May 16, 2019 ] After this week's labs, you know how to control servo motors with the Raspberry Pi.
Oct. 31	Lecture: Software and hardware issues with physical computing Review of previous quiz Diode-capacitor 7/10 group, individual got 10/10 No post-lab requirements this week! (But if you hand one in it can make up for a missed one.) Interrupts and threading [PDF]   [ October 30, 2017 ] Interrupts on Wikipedia Threading on Wikipedia Interrupts on the Raspberry Pi with Python Real Time Programming   [ November 29, 2017 ] Three options for connecting to devices: Use existing Python libraries Use system commands from within Python (if there aren't Python libraries) Bit-bang your own interface in Python Bit banging [PDF]   [ February 13, 2019 ] Bit banging on Wikipedia Raspberry Pi Interface with Parallax Serial RFID Reader Bit-banged serial interface [to RFID reader] Bit-banged SPI Interface to MCP3008 Block Diagrams   [ February 13, 2019 ] Block Diagram Elements [HTML]   [ November 9, 2017 ] Block Template Create one of these for each device you use. Signals for block diagrams library for Dia Use this if you are installing Dia on your own computer. draw.io online drawing app Block_test.drawio Sample signals Course review Has it all been covered? Internet of Things [PDF]   [ March 6, 2019 ] "Hackers used 'internet of things' devices to cause Friday's massive DDoS cyberattack" - AP, Oct 22, 2016 "'A window into your life': Why smart home devices might be putting your privacy at risk" - CBC Sept. 28, 2018 "Google says it forgot to mention there's a mic in its home alarm system Nest" - CBC Feb. 20, 2019 Need 15 minutes more! Quiz during next lecture! Lecture: Doing your own physical computing with the Raspberry Pi Results of AL exercise Operational Amplifier Circuit quiz Functionality of common op amp circuits Timer (6 minutes) Lab schedule Analog input devices hall sensor, photoresistor, photodiode Design as a process Practical design example [PDF]   [ June 23, 2016 ] Sensor and actuator inventory   [ November 30, 2017 ] If using serial (i.e. UART) sensors, you need to turn off the serial console and feed both signals through the appropriate optoisolators (to and from the Pi). Here's the rpi-serial-console script. To turn off the serial console: sudo rpi-serial-console disable To turn on the serial console: sudo rpi-serial-console enable Project components - voltage regulators We have 5V and 3.3V regulators in the lab. Pigpio libraries These use a daemon process running in a separate thread to bit-bang more ports. Java on Raspberry Pi Pi4J Project GPIO access in Java for the Raspberry Pi Bluetooth Near Field Communication (NFC) and RFID PN532 module Arduino and the Wiring language Arduberry Arduino-compatible Raspberry Pi interface board Firmata protocol Firmata on Raspberry Pi Reading analog resistance values without an ADC Using Resistive Sensors (While this example talks about a potentiometer, the process works for any resistive sensor.) Results of this quiz q7 Online Quiz: Review analog output transducers and controlling power. Do quiz on MyLearningSpace between 7 a.m. Friday and 11:30 p.m. Sunday evening.
	Lab A: Raspberry Pi Stepper Motors  [ October 30, 2018 ] Note: If you finish early, start on Lab B. Lab B: Controlling Power to a DC Motor   [ October 28, 2019 ] No postlab requirements; you can start on the project. After this week's labs, you know how to control DC motors, stepper motors, and servo motors with the Raspberry Pi.
		TM1638 sample board [video]
Nov. 4	No lectures; project schedule Deliverable (Lab A): One of four devices Deliverable (Lab B): Two of four devices
	Lab A: Demonstrate 1 input or output device Suggestion: Pick a motor, since you should have working code from recently. Then you can choose a distance sensor to start working on for Lab B. Echo signal from ultrasonic distance sensor must go through optoisolator! Lab B: Demonstrate previous device and 1 other. Note: You can have different test programs for each device, but they must both be physically connected at the same time. Decide on 3rd device to use.	Component Inventory Project components - SR04 Ultrasonic range finders GP2Y0A21YK
Nov. 11	No lectures; project schedule Deliverable (Lab A): Three of four devices Deliverable (Lab B): All four devices
	Lab A: Demonstrate previous devices and 1 other. Note: You can have different test programs for each device, but they must all be physically connected at the same time. Decide on 4th device to use. Remember one output can be a "monitoring voltage" or an LED of varying brightness. Lab B: Demonstrate all input and output devices Note: You can have different test programs for each device, but they must all be physically connected at the same time.
Nov. 18	No lectures; project schedule Deliverable (Lab B): Integration Project demonstration Integration Project checklist [PDF]   [ January 3, 2019 ] Block Diagrams   [ February 13, 2019 ] Block Diagram Elements [HTML]   [ November 9, 2017 ] Block Template Signals for block diagrams library for Dia (Use this if you are installing Dia on your own computer.)
	Lab A: project work (Remember to include some form of operator interaction.) Lab B: Demonstrate Integration project
Nov. 25	No lectures; work on project On-line Course Evaluation November 27 until Dec. 4 Deliverable (Lab A): Integration project report Some functionality of exploration device Deliverable (Lab B): Advanced functionality of exploration device (i.e. something of your own)
	On-line Course Evaluation November 27 until Dec. 4 Lab A: demonstrate basic functionality (i.e. doing something) Lab B: demonstrate advanced functionality (i.e. doing something useful or interesting) The goal is to do something that wasn't in an existing example, so that your report adds to the knowledge base for people after you.
Dec. 2
	Preliminary Exploration project video or screencast Exploration project demonstration in lab Deliverable: Demonstrate Exploration project prototype Documentation and final video due Dec. 5 Exploration Project checklist [PDF]   [ October 23, 2019 ]
	Lab A: Demonstrate Exploration project