PC/CP320 Physical Computing: Digital Interaction with the Analog World

Evaluation Methods

• Active Learning activities
  help you apply what you've learned as you learn.
  The 9 BEST Scientific Study Tips
  
  
  
• Lab Demonstrations   [ May 12, 2017 ]
  show that you can perform certain tasks.
  
  
• Lab Notebook   [ May 12, 2017 ]
  Lab Notebook summaries   [ May 12, 2017 ]
  show that you can identify important information.
  Summary checklist   [ January 18, 2017 ]
  Scope trace checklist [ January 18, 2017 ]
  
  
• Lecture quizzes   [ May 12, 2017 ]
  show that you can apply basic concepts.
  
  
• Online quizzes   [ May 12, 2017 ]
  show that you are familiar with terminology and basic concepts.
  
  
• Integration Project
  shows that you can combine concepts into a big picture.
  • Integration Project Overview   [ May 12, 2017 ]
  • Integration Project checklist
  
  
  
• Exploration (Proof-of-concept) Project
  shows that you can learn independently.
  • Exploration Project Overview   [ May 24, 2018 ]
  • Exploration Project checklist

Course Material

Week of ...	Lab / Lecture	Reference Material [white background indicates required reading; gray background indicates optional reading]
Jan. 7	Lecture: Introduction, resistors and resistance Course Introduction: What's the purpose of PC/CP320? [PDF]   [ September 5, 2018 ] Course syllabus     [ December 14, 2021 ] Active Learning Introduction Proven teaching strategies Launchpad Science Maker Lab Introduction Overview of Physical Computing   [ September 8, 2017 ] Learning on your own using Google and YouTube, etc. Block Diagrams   [ February 13, 2019 ] Block Diagram Elements [HTML]   [ November 9, 2017 ] Block Template Signals for block diagrams library for Dia Use this if you are installing Dia on your own computer. Electrical terminology   [ September 8, 2016 ] Resistors and resistance   [ September 7, 2017 ] Variable Resistors (Trimmers)   [ January 4, 2018 ] Lecture: Single board computers including the Raspberry Pi Single board computer platforms   [ November 23, 2016 ] Arduino, Pi model B+ Pi model A, B, B+ Pi 2, model B+ Pi 3, Pi 2, model B+ Arduino, Pi model B, BeagleBone Raspberry Pi models comparison Linux shell command summary Note: Linux is case-sensitive, and commands should be in lower case. Raspberry Pi GPIO pins Board and Broadcom numbering schemes WEMOS GPIO pin guide Note that numbering uses the Broadcom system. How can you tell? Orientation of GPIO pins Correct cobbler orientation GPIO orientation Access GPIO from Linux user space Tip: To see the Pi internal temperature, type: cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp Divide the result by 1000; e.g. 44250 corresponds to 44.25 Celsius. Identifying resistor nominal values (ALC exercise) doc version png version Timer Digital multimeters   [ November 7, 2018 ] Lecture: Electrical circuits Using lab notebooks New Information: Lab Notebook summaries   [ May 12, 2017 ] Summary checklist   [ January 18, 2017 ] "summarization is among the top nine most effective teaching strategies in the history of education" Kirchhoff's laws   [ May 16, 2011 ] Kirchhoff's laws example   [ May 31, 2017 ] Voltage dividers   [ May 31, 2017 ] Application of voltage dividers - internal resistance   [ June 13, 2014 ] Determining battery internal resistance (ALC exercise) doc version png version Timer Review: Breadboards [PDF]   [ May 1, 2012 ] Quiz during next lecture! Online Quiz: Read over the learning objectives for this course. Do quiz on MyLearningSpace between 7 a.m. Friday and 11:30 p.m. Sunday evening. "Our central result is that higher exposure to the online instrument robustly leads to higher student learning, all else being equal."	Using Breadboards [HTML]   [ May 12, 2017 ] Breadboards [screencast of PDF] Current measurement
	Safety - Emergency Numbers   [ April 29, 2015 ] Lab A: Resistors and Ohmmeters   [ April 18, 2019 ] Lab B: Raspberry Pi GPIO Introduction   [ January 9, 2019 ] Raspberry Pi kit contents Postlab Requirements: Writing a lab summary   [ May 12, 2017 ] Summary checklist   [ January 18, 2017 ] After this week's lab, you know how to use a digital multimeter to measure resistance, to read resistor colour codes, and to identify specific Raspberry Pi GPIO pins. Before next lecture: Watch this video! Water analogy [screencast]	Resistance [© 1995-2003 M. W. Davidson, Florida State University] Fixed Resistors   [ January 8, 2018 ] Measuring Resistance   [ May 12, 2017 ] Measuring Continuity   [ May 12, 2017 ]
		Resistor colour coding chart [PDF; NIC Components, May 2004] Which Way Does Current Really Flow? Resistor colour codes: 4- band, 5- band [GIF; © 1996-2003 Electronix Express] Resistor colour code: 4, 5, 6 band [JPG; T. May, University of Colorado] [PDF 50pp, © Wavetek Meterman, 2000] Wavetek Meterman 33XR Operator's Manual [PDF 17pp, © Amprobe,] MAKE presents: The Resistor Resistors [from PC200] Resistor colour code: 4, 5, 6 band [JPG; T. May, University of Colorado]
Jan. 14	Lecture: Raspberry Pi GPIO pins and Python programming on the Raspberry Pi Replace/get credit for a lab summary Go to the Science Maker Space and do the introduction and I'll count it in place of one lab summary. GPIO access in Python Official RPi.GPIO Wiki examples GPIO access in Python Raspberry Pi GPIO pins Basic python example Modified python example Broadcom numbering example Another board numbering example Good Coding Style   [ August 23, 2018 ] Why magic numbers are evil Unnamed numerical constants Coding without comments Code Style Checklist [PDF]   [ January 18, 2017 ] Voltage, current and Ohm's law quiz Timer Applying some basic concepts of voltage, current, and power Rationale for collaborative quizzes "The students first completed a quiz individually. Once the quiz was completed individually, the students completed the same quiz in groups. Eighty percent of the score on the quiz was based on the individual results, and 20% of the score on the quiz was based on the group results. The performance on the quizzes was significantly higher when students completed the quizzes in groups than when they completed the quizzes individually. Results document that completing the quizzes in groups enhances the understanding of the material." Resistive sensors   [ May 31, 2017 ] force-dependent resistor photoresistor thermistor strain gauge Lecture: Static sensitive devices Review of previous quiz q1 Groups with 5 had 1 or 2 people who had it perfect individually! Only 3 (out of 9) groups had anyone go down due to group mark. good lab summary Clear, useful, and just 1 page Static discharge   [ February 18, 2010 ] Lecture: Voltage considerations for Raspberry Pi GPIO pins and exploration project introduction Logic family characteristics - voltage   [ May 23, 2018 ] Logic gate characteristics - measuring voltage limits   [ November 20, 2014 ] GPIO Electrical specifications Determining GPIO voltage limits (ALC exercise) Timer Exploration Project Overview   [ May 24, 2018 ] Exploration project introduction Remember Google, YouTube, etc. Example of wrong/misleading "data" Exploration Project checklist Quiz during next lecture! Online Quiz: Review proper electrical terminology. Do quiz on MyLearningSpace between 7 a.m. Friday and 11:30 p.m. Sunday evening.	Electrical Circuits Review [pdf 18pp; B. M. Fleischer] - sections B.1 and B.2.1  Operating point analysis in CircuitLab [video] Internal resistance of a voltage source [screencast of PDF] Voltage Divider [© 2000, C.R. Nave, Georgia State University] Potentiometers [video] Voltage dividers [video]
	Using Bench Power  Lab A-: Raspberry Pi Python GPIO and Serial Console Introduction   [ November 27, 2019 ] Code Style Checklist [PDF]   [ January 18, 2017 ] Raspberry Pi Serial WiFi supplement   [ June 6, 2018 ] Note: If you finish early, start on Lab B. Lab B: Voltage, Current, Ohms's Law   [ August 24, 2022 ] Postlab Requirements: Lab Summary   [ May 12, 2017 ] Summary checklist   [ January 18, 2017 ] After this week's lab, you know how to use a digital multimeter to measure voltage and current and to use Python to access Raspberry Pi GPIO pins.	Measuring DC Voltage   [ May 12, 2017 ] Measuring DC Current   [ May 12, 2017 ] Lab bench setup in N2082 [video] Dual DC supplies [video]
		Ohm's Law [java applet; © W. Fendt, 2003 ] Voltage Circuit Simulator   [java applet; G. Bothune, UOregon] MAKE presents: Ohm's Law
Jan. 21	Lecture: Producing and measuring analog signals Oscilloscopes   [ August 23, 2018 ] Triggering on an oscilloscope Function generators   [ January 20, 2020 ] Simple DC circuits quiz Simple application of Kirchhoff's laws Timer Sketching AC signals   [ April 19, 2011 ] Lecture: Diodes, including Zener diodes and photodiodes Reading data sheets   [ May 12, 2017 ] Reading data sheets   [ October 7, 2013 ] sample datasheet (Fairchild) sample datasheet (National Semiconductor) sample datasheet (International Rectifier) sample datasheet (Photonic Detectors) Diodes [PDF]   [ September 9, 2015 ] Diode Measurement  [ May 1, 2014 ] Zener Diodes and Photodiodes [PDF]   [ September 26, 2017 ] Selecting Zener/photodiode resistors (ALC exercise) 1N525B Zener diode, ON Semiconductor; determine resistor for 12V supply SFH 229 Photodiode, Osram Semiconductors; determine resistor for 12V supply and 3.3V swing with light Save these results and you'll save time in the lab! Timer Review of previous quiz q2 Only one person's group mark was lower than their individual mark. Two groups got the factor of two in the wrong direction. Straw poll 1 Lecture: Optical Isolation and more electrical considerations for GPIO pins Note postlab requirements Straw poll results Optical Isolation [PDF]   [ November 10, 2016 ] Optoisolator Calculations [PDF]   [ October 1, 2018 ] Selecting LED/photodiode resistors for optoisolator(ALC exercise) PS2501 datasheet determine resistors for 5v on input and output at least 2.5V with a 3.3V supply determine resistors for 3.3v on input and output at least 4V with a 5V supply Save these results and you'll save time in the lab! Timer Optoisolator breadboard layout [PDF]   [ November 16, 2017 ] Lab notes (optoisolator) scope output circuit triangle wave output increased output resistor value Logic gate characteristics - current   [ September 4, 2013 ] Logic gate characteristics - measuring current limits   [ September 4, 2013 ] datasheets for SN7400, CD4011UB, 74HC00A Quiz during next lecture! Online Quiz: Review Kirchhoff's laws and their application. Do quiz on MyLearningSpace between 7 a.m. Friday and 11:30 p.m. Sunday evening.	Logic Gates Measuring Strain with Strain Gages  [© 2016 National Instruments Corporation] Logic Family Selection Guide
	Lab A+: Raspberry Pi Python PWM   [ January 22, 2019 ] Code Style Checklist [PDF]   [ January 18, 2017 ] Raspberry Pi Serial WiFi supplement   [ June 6, 2018 ] Note: If you finish early, start on Lab B. Lab B: Function Generators and Oscilloscopes   [ January 14, 2019 ] Example: Waveform sketch   [ January 18, 2017 ] Scope trace checklist [ January 18, 2017 ] Postlab Requirements: Rewritten test program [ May 12, 2017 ] for Lab A (see code style checklist ) and Waveform sketch [ May 12, 2017 ] for Lab B (see scope trace checklist ) After this week's labs, you know how to measure signals with an oscilloscope and to use the Raspberry Pi as a simple function generator to make square waves of varying frequency and duty cycle.
		Overtones, harmonics, and additive synthesis [video] DC and AC voltage measurements with an oscilloscope Finding the origin on an oscilloscope in XY mode Use of a function generator - Part I Use of a function generator - Part II MAKE presents: The Oscilloscope Close-up pictures of signal generators we have in the lab: White case model (Instek GFG-8217A) Black case model (Wavetek FG3C) Grey case model (Wavetek FG3B) Old model (Wavetek 182A) XYZ's of Signal Sources [pdf 52pp; © 2005, Tektronix, Inc.] Philips oscilloscope (PM3207) XYZ's of Oscilloscopes [pdf 64pp; © 2001, Tektronix, Inc.] The Cathode Ray Oscilloscope [pdf 6pp, T. Sturtevant] TDS1000 and TDS2000 Series Digital Storage Oscilloscopes [© Copyright Tektronix, Inc.] TDS210 Series Digital Storage Oscilloscopes [© Copyright Tektronix, Inc.] ABCs of Probes [pdf 48pp; © 2005, Tektronix, Inc.] Oscilloscope animation (Flash)
Jan. 28	Lecture: Capacitors; output transducers (actuators) and how to control them using the Raspberry Pi The Embroidered Computer Capacitors   [ October 9, 2015 ] Identifying Capacitor Polarity  [ August 22, 2019 ] Oscilloscope quiz Basic functionality of the oscilloscope Timer Inductive Output Transducers [PDF]   [ October 18, 2016 ] Lecture: Conversions between analog and digital signals and the SPI interface on the Raspberry Pi Review of previous quiz q3 4 people had a lower group mark; including one who got perfect individually. The group with the highest group mark each only got 4/10 individually. Analog and Digital Quantities [PDF]   [ May 25, 2017 ] Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog Conversion [PDF]   [ October 3, 2018 ] A/D converter demonstration [video] Analog and Digital Grounds and Decoupling Capacitors [PDF]   [ May 31, 2017 ] Serial Communication-SPI [PDF]   [ October 3, 2018 ] Determining MAX522 command words (ALC exercise) MAX522 SPI digital-to-analog converter Supply requirements? Note "No Operation" and "All DACs Active" commands. What needs to be sent (in Hex) to: Shutdown DAC A Shutdown DAC B Load DAC A with a value of 2 (decimal) Load both DACs with a value of 32 (decimal) Shutdown both DACs MAX522 SPI python example Save these results and you'll save time in the lab! Timer Equating SPI GPIO pins and MAX522 pins (ALC exercise) Save these results and you'll save time in the lab! Timer Identify decoupling capacitors in circuits circuit1 circuit2 circuit3 Lecture: More analog to digital conversion and the SPI interface on the Raspberry Pi MCP3008 SPI analog-to-digital converter Equating SPI GPIO pins and MCP3008 pins (ALC exercise) Save these results and you'll save time in the lab! Timer MCP3008 SPI python example New MCP3008 Communication explained [PDF]   [ January 30, 2019 ] Determining MCP3008 command words and data format (ALC exercise) MCP3008 SPI analog-to-digital converter Supply requirements? What change do you need to make to ADC code to have both DAC and ADC connected at the same time? Save these results and you'll save time in the lab! MCP3008 SPI python example Timer New DC motor with shaft encoder [PDF]   [ November 1, 2018 ] Controlling Output Transducers [PDF]   [ November 10, 2016 ] Quiz during next lecture! Online Quiz: Review oscilloscope operation. Do quiz on MyLearningSpace between 7 a.m. Friday and 11:30 p.m. Sunday evening.	Diode Measurement [screencast of PDF] MAKE presents: The Diode Checking Diodes   [ May 12, 2017 ] Physics of a Diode [©2003 Marvin Casanova ] Measuring Capacitance   [ May 12, 2017 ] How Capacitors Work [© 1998 - 2003 HowStuffWorks, Inc.] Charging and Discharging A Capacitor [© 1995-2003 M. W. Davidson and The Florida State University] Identifying Capacitor Polarity [screencast of PDF] MAKE presents: The Capacitor What is a Tri-state buffer? [© 2003 by Charles C. Lin] Tristate Buffers Introduction to Wired-OR Outputs and Open-Collector Circuits   [© 2003 National Instruments Corporation] 7401 datasheet   [© 1995 National Semiconductor] Design Fundamentals for Phototransistor Circuits   [ April 30, 2015 ] [© 2002 Fairchild Semiconductor] Stepper, servo, DC motor control [video] How does a Stepper Motor work ? [video] Induced EMF demo from MIT [video] Induced EMF in a motor [video] Relays and Optocouplers [video] Small solenoid operation [video] What is a solenoid valve? [video] How do servos work? [video] MOSFET tutorial [video] MOSFETs and How to Use Them [video] Transistor as a switch [video] SSRs Technical Information [PDF 8pp; © Copyright Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.] Solid State Relays [PDF 5pp; Vishay, 2001]
	Lab A: Zener Diodes and Photodiodes  [ November 15, 2017 ] Note: If you finish early, start on Lab B. Lab B: Optical Isolators  [ January 30, 2020 ] PS2501 datasheet Note: Don't take this circuit apart after the lab; you'll be using it later. Postlab Requirements: Show your calculations for the required resistors for the Zener diode and for each optoisolator. Diode calculation checklist   [ May 16, 2019 ] After this week's labs, you know how to get inputs from the outside world at any specified voltage into the Raspberry Pi and you know how to provide outputs to the outside world at any specified voltage from the Raspberry Pi .	HC-SR04 datasheet Optoisolator simulation [video] Analog Optical Isolators VACTROLS® [©1998-2004. PerkinElmer, Inc.]
Feb. 4	Lecture: More logic gate I/O options Logic gate characteristics - propagation delay   [ November 16, 2016 ] Logic gate characteristics: Open collector and open drain outputs   [ October 3, 2018 ] datasheet for SN7401 Zener diode quiz Choosing correct resistors Timer Logic gate characteristics: - Tri-state outputs   [ June 1, 2017 ] Processor internal architecture "Standard" Processor internal architecture Z80 system architecture (outside mpu) Hyperphysics microprocessor page More Good Coding Style   [ October 3, 2018 ] Programming tips Lecture: Lecture CANCELLED; WLU closed due to bad weather Lecture: Using operational amplifiers to modify analog signals Review of previous quiz q4 Operational Amplifier Basics [PDF]   [ October 4, 2016 ] Rails of an operational amplifier [video] Noting variation in naming conventions (ALC exercise) sample 1 sample 2 sample 3 Timer Operational Amplifier Circuits [PDF]   [ September 4, 2014 ] Analog computers [video] Sketching amplifier output [PDF]   [ September 7, 2013 ] Sketching op amp circuit output (ALC exercise) circuit 1 This is what you'll do in a future quiz! Timer Quiz during next lecture! Online Quiz: Review optoisolator operation. Do quiz on MyLearningSpace between 7 a.m. Friday and 11:30 p.m. Sunday evening.	ADC and DAC Glossary [HTML; PDF] [Dallas Semiconductor, 2000] A/D converter simulation [video]
	Lab A: Raspberry Pi SPI Digital to Analog converter   [ February 4, 2020 ] Note: If you finish early, start on Lab B. Lab B: Analog Output Transducers (DC Motor)  [ February 5, 2020 ] Postlab Requirements: Rewritten code [ October 4, 2017 ] for Lab A and summary for Lab B. Code/Summary checklist   [ May 16, 2019 ] After this week's labs, you know how to provide analog voltages to the outside world from the Raspberry Pi and you know the voltage and current requirements of a DC motor.
		Sensors and Signal Conditioning Overview  [ May 12, 2017 ] Solenoid Catalog [ © 1999, 2000 Magnetic Sensor Systems ] Animations: permanent magnet DC motor animation brushless DC motor animation
Feb. 11	Lecture: Wheatstone bridges and their applications and other devices to alter signals Negative Feedback in Operational Amplifiers [PDF]   [ July 29, 2013 ] Operational Amplifier Dynamic Response [PDF]   [ October 9, 2015 ] Neat animations of op amp circuits Output transducer quiz Considerations for controlling output transducers Timer Wheatstone bridge circuits   [ October 18, 2016 ] Wheatstone bridge animation Use of Differential Amplifier Circuits [PDF]   [ February 8, 2019 ] Analog Sensors [PDF]   [ October 19, 2018 ] Infrared distance sensor - GP2Y0A21YK Photodiode - sfh229 Hall sensor - 3503 Capacitive soil moisture sensor Resistive soil moisture sensor Pulse rate sensor Pulse rate sensor (back) sensor interfacing Lecture: Serial interfaces which various devices use to communicate with the Raspberry Pi Look at completed learning objectives Review of previous quiz q5 Serial communication (UART) Serial Communication-UART [PDF]   [ November 7, 2018 ] If using serial (i.e. UART) sensors, you need to turn off the serial console and feed both signals through the appropriate optoisolators (to and from the Pi). Here's the rpi-serial-console script. To turn off the serial console: sudo rpi-serial-console disable To turn on the serial console: sudo rpi-serial-console enable UART devices GPS module, RFID reader, Bluetooth module I2C interface Serial Communication-I2C [PDF]   [ February 13, 2019 ] Devices come with a default address programmed in, but it can usually be changed. I2C devices digital compass (HMC6352), colour sensor (ADJD-S371), light intensity sensor (GY-30), 3-axis magnetometer (HMC5883L), gyro (ITG-3200), 128x32 OLED display Determining GPIO current limits (ALC exercise) Find all of the rules governing current limits. GPIO Electrical Specifications Timer Straw poll 2 Lecture: Single wire interfaces Straw poll 2 results (overall) Straw poll 2 results (breakdown) Single Wire Communication Single Wire Interfaces [PDF]   [ October 23, 2017 ] Identifying interfaces (ALC exercise) Sample interfaces Timer Three options for connecting to devices: Use existing Python libraries Use system commands from within Python (if there aren't specific Python libraries) Bit-bang your own interface in Python Bit banging [PDF]   [ February 13, 2019 ] Bit banging on Wikipedia Raspberry Pi Interface with Parallax Serial RFID Reader Bit-banged serial interface [to RFID reader] Bit-banged SPI Interface to MCP3008 Quiz during next lecture! Online Quiz: Review op amp introduction Do quiz on MyLearningSpace between 7 a.m. Friday and 11:30 p.m. Sunday evening (at the end of Reading Week).	Analog computers [video] Op amp tutorial [video] Low pass filter operation [video] Wheatstone Bridges: Introduction [©2003 eFunda; Engineering Fundamentals] Wheatstone Bridge Animation [screencast of animation] Measuring Strain with Strain Gauges [©2005 National Instruments Corporation]
	CANCELLED; SNOW DAY Lab B: Introduction to Operational Amplifiers  [ August 24, 2022 ] Postlab Requirements: Lab summary [ May 12, 2017 ] for Lab B. Summary checklist   [ January 18, 2017 ] After this week's labs, you know how to use operational amplifiers to change from any voltage range into another range.	Four bus breadboards [video] Op amps compared (including open collector) [video]
	READING WEEK
Feb. 18	READING WEEK - No lecture or labs
Feb. 25	Lecture: More different devices and how they interface with the Raspberry Pi Row-Column Devices [PDF]   [ February 13, 2019 ] Wiki sections on "more than one channel" and "several channels" Also note options for enabling pull-up or pull-down resistors. Row-Column with Both Outputs and Inputs Operational Amplifier Circuit quiz Functionality of common op amp circuits Timer Matrix LCD Driver (MAX7219) [PDF]   [ February 13, 2019 ] MAX7219 datasheet MAX7219 8x8 LED matrix MAX7219 8 digit 7 segment display TM1638 datasheet (LED/Keypad controller) TM1638 key/display board TM1637 datasheet (LED/Keypad controller) TM1637 display board (front) TM1637 display board (back) Lecture: Project Explanation and PWM devices Review of previous quiz q6 Top 2 groups realized it was non-inverting. Top 3 groups realized output would hit rails. Response-time sensors; shaft encoders and ultrasonic sensors Pulse Width Modulation Communication [PDF]   [ August 14, 2020 ] Note: On the Raspberry Pi 2, there are 4 possible PWM pins: BCM GPIO 18 (using PWM0, so same as GPIO 12) BCM GPIO 12 (using PWM0, so same as GPIO 32) BCM GPIO 13 (using PWM1, so same as GPIO 33) BCM GPIO 19 (using PWM1, so same as GPIO 35, and also is SPI1_MISO, so won't be available if SPI1 in use) SR04 Ultrasonic range finders DUR5200 Ultrasonic range finders Project overview Outline of both projects [PDF]   [ October 23, 2019 ] Note: DC motor needs 1 channel of shaft encoder connected to indicate position. DC motor being able to run in both directions and monitor both channels for speed and direction can be a substitution project and the second channel can replace the other input. If the TM1638 board is used for input and output, it can replace the second input for the integration project. Outline of integration project [PDF]   [ February 22, 2019 ] Outline of exploration project [PDF]   [ October 24, 2019 ] Integration Project checklist [PDF]   [ January 3, 2019 ] One output can be a "monitoring voltage" or an LED of varying brightness. Exploration Project checklist [PDF]   [ October 23, 2019 ] Block Diagrams   [ February 13, 2019 ] Block Diagram Elements [HTML]   [ November 9, 2017 ] Block Template Create one of these for each device you use. Signals for block diagrams library for Dia Use this if you are installing Dia on your own computer. Raspberry Pi Interface to 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor My examples and previous projects Some output device options LTP-1415AG Single colour 8x5 display LTP-2558A Tri-colour 8x5 display Alphanumeric 16 segment LED display MAX7219 Fritzing Board LED Strings [PDF]   [ January 3, 2019 ] WS2812B datasheet Ring LED (front view) Ring LED (back view) APA102 datasheet SK9822 datasheet I2C devices digital compass (HMC6352), colour sensor (ADJD-S371), light intensity sensor (GY-30), 3-axis magnetometer (HMC5883L), gyro (ITG-3200), 128x32 OLED display Some input options capacitive hex keypad TM1638 key/display board Telephone keypad Choosing project components Device selection Lecture: Software and hardware issues with physical computing Interrupts and threading [PDF]   [ October 30, 2017 ] Interrupts on Wikipedia Threading on Wikipedia Interrupts on the Raspberry Pi with Python Real Time Programming   [ November 29, 2017 ] Three options for connecting to devices: Use existing Python libraries Use system commands from within Python (if there aren't Python libraries) Bit-bang your own interface in Python Signal Conditioning [PDF]   [ May 30, 2017 ] Internet of Things [PDF]   [ March 6, 2019 ] "Hackers used 'internet of things' devices to cause Friday's massive DDoS cyberattack" - AP, Oct 22, 2016 "'A window into your life': Why smart home devices might be putting your privacy at risk" - CBC Sept. 28, 2018 "Google says it forgot to mention there's a mic in its home alarm system Nest" - CBC Feb. 20, 2019 Quiz during next lecture! Online Quiz: Review op amp circuits. Do quiz on MyLearningSpace between 7 a.m. Friday and 11:30 p.m. Sunday evening.	Permanent magnet DC motor with shaft encoder [video] Normal servo operation - effect of pulse width [video] Continuous rotation servo - effect of pulse width [video] Servo Operation and Calibration LM7805 Voltage regulator LM7805 Voltage regulator datasheet (includes TAB package)
		Basic Circuits - Bypass Capacitors [K. Ross, Seattle Robotics Society, 1997] Circuit Integrity - Bypassing [© 2002 Williamson Labs] Circuit Integrity - Decoupling [© 2001 Williamson Labs] How a smartphone knows up from down
	Lab A: Raspberry Pi Servo Motors  [ February 26, 2019 ] Note: If you finish early, start on Lab B. Lab B: Operational Amplifier Circuits  [ February 28, 2019 ] Postlab Requirements: Rewritten code [ October 12, 2017 ] for Lab A and Lab summary [ May 12, 2017 ] for Lab B. Code/Summary checklist   [ May 16, 2019 ] After this week's labs, you know how to control servo motors with the Raspberry Pi and how to use operational amplifiers with a single positive supply.
March 4	Lecture: Doing your own physical computing with the Raspberry Pi Course review Has it all been covered? Second SPI channel (SPI1) Enabling SPI1 on the Raspberry Pi B+/Zero/2/3 Prototyping options for the Raspberry Pi Prototyping options [PDF]   [ October 19, 2018 ] Diode and capacitor quiz Behaviour of diodes and capacitors in circuits Timer AB Electronics expansion hats Extending ports with 74HC595 and 74HC589A shift registers 74HC595 using SPI 74HC595 with bit-banging 74HC589A using SPI Where to get Pi stuff: Canada Robotshop Solarbotics BC Robotics BuyaPi.ca CanaKit USA Adafruit Sparkfun Ebay.ca makervault, universal-solder, and more Sensors Seeed studio Grove sensors DF Robot sensors Fritzing design software Fritzing Example [PDF]   [ October 24, 2018 ] Design as a process Practical design example [PDF]   [ June 23, 2016 ] Sensor and actuator inventory   [ November 30, 2017 ] If using serial (i.e. UART) sensors, you need to turn off the serial console and feed both signals through the appropriate optoisolators (to and from the Pi). Here's the rpi-serial-console script. To turn off the serial console: sudo rpi-serial-console disable To turn on the serial console: sudo rpi-serial-console enable Lecture: Advanced Raspberry Pi physical computing options Results of previous quiz q7 Group with 8/10 only got 1 or 2 /10 individually 1 group with 2/10 had one with 10/10 individually Lab schedule Project components - voltage regulators We have 5V and 3.3V regulators in the lab. Pigpio libraries These use a daemon process running in a separate thread to bit-bang more ports. Java on Raspberry Pi Pi4J Project GPIO access in Java for the Raspberry Pi Bluetooth Near Field Communication (NFC) and RFID PN532 module Arduino and the Wiring language Arduberry Arduino-compatible Raspberry Pi interface board Firmata protocol Firmata on Raspberry Pi Reading analog resistance values without an ADC Using Resistive Sensors (While this example talks about a potentiometer, the process works for any resistive sensor.) No lecture Friday; project schedule Online Quiz: Review analog output transducers and controlling power. Do quiz on MyLearningSpace between 7 a.m. Friday and 11:30 p.m. Sunday evening.
	Lab A: Raspberry Pi Stepper Motors  [ October 30, 2018 ] Note: If you finish early, start on Lab B. Lab B: Raspberry Pi SPI Analog to Digital converter   [ October 1, 2019 ] No postlab requirements; you can start on the project. After this week's labs, you know how to control stepper motors and servo motors with the Raspberry Pi and how to get analog voltages from the outside world into the Raspberry Pi.
		TM1638 sample board [video]
March 11	No lectures; project schedule Deliverable (Lab A): One of four devices Deliverable (Lab B): Two of four devices
	Lab A: Demonstrate 1 input or output device Suggestion: Pick a motor, since you should have working code from recently. Then you can choose a distance sensor to start working on for Lab B. Echo signal from ultrasonic distance sensor must go through optoisolator! Lab B: Demonstrate previous device and 1 other. Note: You can have different test programs for each device, but they must both be physically connected at the same time. Decide on 3rd device to use.	Component Inventory Project components - SR04 Ultrasonic range finders GP2Y0A21YK
March 18	No lectures; project schedule Deliverable (Lab A): Three of four devices Deliverable (Lab B): All four devices
	Lab A: Demonstrate previous devices and 1 other. Note: You can have different test programs for each device, but they must all be physically connected at the same time. Decide on 4th device to use. Remember one output can be a "monitoring voltage" or an LED of varying brightness. Lab B: Demonstrate all input and output devices Note: You can have different test programs for each device, but they must all be physically connected at the same time.
March 25	No lectures; project schedule Deliverable (Lab B): Integration Project demonstration and report Integration Project checklist [PDF]   [ January 3, 2019 ] Block Diagrams   [ February 13, 2019 ] Block Diagram Elements [HTML]   [ November 9, 2017 ] Block Template Signals for block diagrams library for Dia (Use this if you are installing Dia on your own computer.)
	Lab A: project work (Remember to include some form of operator interaction.) Lab B: Demonstrate Integration project
April 1	On-line Course Evaluation April 1 until April 7 Deliverable (Lab A): Some functionality of exploration device The goal is to do something that wasn't in an existing example, so that your report adds to the knowledge base for people after you. Deliverable (Lab B): Demonstrate Exploration project Documentation and final video due April 5 Exploration Project checklist [PDF]   [ October 23, 2019 ]
	On-line Course Evaluation April 1 until April 7 Lab A: demonstrate basic functionality (i.e. doing something) Lab B: Demonstrate Exploration project